《肉品卫生检验试行规程》存在的问题及对其修订的建议

Problems in Trial Regulation on Hygienic Examination of Meat an Suggestion on its Revision

目的提高我国肉品的安全水平,保证肉品卫生质量。方法对1959年11月1日由农业部、卫生部、对外贸易部及商业部联合颁发的《肉品卫生检验试行规程》(简称《试行规程》)中存在的问题进行分析。结果《试行规程》应用范围早已过时,检验肉品和疾病的种类均不全面,《试行规程》只对猪肉进行旋毛虫检验,但目前已有150多种动物可感染旋毛虫,其中有些动物肉类已成为旋毛虫病的重要传染源,如在我国已发生了多起因食狗肉、羊肉及野猪肉等引起的旋毛虫病暴发,而《试行规程》未将上述肉类列入旋毛虫检验范围;检验旋毛虫的肌肉压片镜检法费时费力,且易漏检;弓形虫病等多种人兽共患病也不在检验范围内。《试行规程》规定将含猪囊尾蚴的猪肉尸经冷冻或盐腌等处理后出场,但冷冻和盐腌并不能保证将猪囊尾蚴全部杀死,即使经高温无害化处理,在卫生知识普及的今天,居民也不能接受含有囊虫的猪肉。结论建议尽快对《试行规程》进行修订,供人类食用的所有动物肉类及肉制品均应进行严格的卫生检验。

Objective To elevate the safety level of meat in China and assure its hygienic quality. Method The Trial Regulation of Hygienic Examination of Meat （Trial Regulation for short）, issued jointly by Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Foreign Trade and Ministry of Business of China on November 1, 1959 were analyzed. Results The stipulation of the regulation that it only applies tentatively to state owned and joint state-private slaughterhouses are outdated. The kinds of meat and diseases were not included in an all-reund way. The examination of Trichinella is required only in pork according to the Trial Regulation. However, at present, it is known that more than 150 species of animals can be infected with Trichinella, the meat of some animals has become the important source of human trichinellosis, e. g., many outbreaks of human trichnellosis caused by eating dog meat, mutton or wild boar have been reported in China, but these meats were not required to be examined for Trichinella in the Trial Regulation. The direct microscopy （trichinelloscopy） by compressing pork between tow slides for the examination of Trichinella is time-consuming, strenuous, and lacks reliability. The examination of many kinds of zoonosis such as toxoplasmosis was not required in the Trial Regulation. In the Trial Regulation, the pig carcass containing cysticercus cellulosae was allowed to leave the abattoir and sold in the market after freezing or salting, but the cysticerci in the pork could not be killed completely by freezing ro salting. Conclusion The Trial Regulation should be revised as soon as possible, all kinds of animal meat for human consumption should be under strict hygienic examination.