四种鸟类卵壳的扫描电镜观察

Comparative Study on Ultrastructure of Eggshells in Four Species of Birds

利用扫描电镜对白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)、鹌鹑(Coturnix coturnix)、水雉(Hydrophasianus chirurgus)和灰卷尾(Dicrurus leucophaeus)卵壳的超微结构进行观察研究.结果显示,这四种鸟类的卵壳结构与其他鸟类的基本相似,由外而内依次为表层、海绵层、锥体层、乳突、壳膜层及贯穿卵壳的气孔道等.四种鸟类两两之间在海绵层小孔数、小孔直径、内表面气孔数、乳突数以及横断面厚度都存在显著差异.海面层小孔数由高到低依次为鹌鹑、白鹇、灰卷尾、水雉;海绵层小孔直径由高到低依次为水雉、灰卷尾、鹌鹑、白鹇;内表面气孔数由高到低依次为白鹇、鹌鹑、水雉、灰卷尾;内表面乳突数由高到低依次为鹌鹑、白鹇、水雉、灰卷尾;横断面厚度由高到低依次为白鹇、鹌鹑、水雉、灰卷尾.这种结构上的差异与种的特异性及其生存环境密切相关,卵壳的结构差异是鸟类对环境的一种适应.

Eggshell ultrastructures of Silver Pheasant （Lophura nycthemera ）, Common Quail （Coturnix coturnix ）, Pheasant-tailed Jacana （ Hydrophasianus chirurgus ） and Ashy Drongo （Dicrurus leucophaeus） were observed and researched by scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that the eggshell structures of four birds were much similar with other bird species, which were outer layer, spongy layer, cone layer, mammilla, shell membrane layer and pore channels through the shell from outer to inner. But obvious differences about the amounts and diameters of vesicular holes in spongy layer, the amounts of pores and mammillas of inner surface and the thickness of radial sections within the four birds were observed. From high to low, the arrangement of the amounts of vesicular holes in spongy layer was Common Quail, Silver Pheasant, Ashy Drongo and Pheasant-tailed Jacana; the arrangement of the diameters of vesicular holes in spongy layer was Silver Pheasant, Ashy Drongo Common Quail and Pheasanttailed Jacana; the arrangement of the amounts of pores of inner surface was Silver Pheasant, Common Quail, Pheasant-tailed Jaeana and Ashy Drongo; the arrangement of the mammillas of inner surface was Common Quail, Silver Pheasant,Pheasant tailed Jacana and Ashy Drongo; the arrangement of the thickness of radial sections was Silver Pheasant, Common Quail, Pheasanttailed Jacana and Ashy Drongo. The different structures are related with specific difference and living environment. And it is also the accustomization for environment.