中国东部平原河网地区水源地环境管理的理论框架

Theories of Environmental Management for Water Source Protection in Plain River Network Region in East China

提出中国东部平原河网地区水源地环境管理的概念及内涵.明确管理的主体、对象、原则与特点,分别从管理动机、伦理基础、规划原理、管理策略等角度,定义并拓展复合系统理论、环境正义理论、圈层保护理论、集成管理理论,强调水源系统与水源地经济社会系统的双重易损,水源地、用水区域及上游地区的三地公平,水源保护区设置与土地利用格局的双相圈层,时间、空间、学科、利益方的四维集成.实证研究结果显示,在这一理论指导下构建的黄浦江上游水源地全过程利益方参与模式、分权型环境管理体系、双相圈层保护模式,能够为有效解决上海城市水源问题提供一条新的途径.

Revolved around two points （water source protection and local community development）, both theoretical and practical aspects related to environmental management were discussed. The concepts concerning environmental management for water source protection in plain river network were defined and discussed. Complex System, Environmental Justice, Circlets Protection, and Integrated Water Resources Management were applied to environmental management for water source protection in plain river network as main theories. The vulnerability of water source system and social-economic system, the equality of three areas （water source area, serving area and upper stream area）, the circles of protection area and land use, and the integration of four dimensions （time, space, multidiscipline and stakeholder） were defined as the kernel of those theories. Water environment in Upper Huangpu River Watershed in Shanghai, as a study case, is influenced by regional social-economic factors, such as regional development and water quality of upper reaches, urbanization and population scale, local economic level and point pollution, land use and non-point pollution. The case study results show that the environmental management system composed of stakeholder involvement model, cooperative approach, and circle＇s protection method is a new way to water source area protection in Upper Huangpu River Watershed.