农田氮素流失对水环境污染及防治研究进展

Progress in the Research on Water Pollution from Farmland Nitrogen Loss and its Control

氮是造成水体富营养化的主要元素之一,农田氮素流失是水环境氮污染的主要来源。文章从农田氮素对水环境污染途径、氮污染控制模型、污染控制措施等方面对当前国内外水环境氮污染防治进行概述。综合国内外农田氮流失污染防治措施的成功经验提出:加强农田养分管理,利用平衡施肥技术,推广施用控释、缓释肥料,改进施肥方式,从污染源头控制和减少氮素流失;同时,充分利用生态工程技术,建立人工湿地、植被过滤带、多水塘系统,改变或切断氮污染物的传播途径是控制农田氮素对水环境污染的有效措施。

Nitrogen is the major factor leading to the water eutrophication,and the nitrogen lost from farmland is the main pollutant source. In this paper, the progress in research on nitrogen pollution of water environment is discussed, including the pathway of farmland nitrogen lost to water environment, control measures and models. The successful measures for the control of nitrogen pollution are summarized. Strengthening nutrition management of farmland and ecological engineering techniques are the effective measures for the control of water nitrogen pollution from the farmland source, and the measures have the important significance in establishing the sustainable ecosystem. In farmland nutrition management, the key measures of balanced fertilization, application of slow/controUed released fertilizer, improvement of fertilization should he adopted. On the other hand, the measures of vegetative filter strips, constructed wetland and multi-pond system are effective on the control of nitrogen transportation from farmland to water environment.