三峡库区居民膳食结构与重金属摄入水平研究

Investigation on Dietary Patterns and Intake Level of Heavy Metals of Inhabitants in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

采用分层多级整群随机抽样方法,经城乡经济排序,并按公共营养学要求,选取地处三峡库区中心位置的重庆市石柱县549户居民作为调查对象,对库区居民膳食结构进行了调查,同时应用总膳食研究方法,采集了当地12类主要蔬菜、肉类、粮食等样品,测定了铅、砷、镉、汞等4种重金属元素含量,分析了库区居民的重金属摄入水平.结果显示,1)除谷类、豆类、薯类和糖类外,城镇居民对其余各类食物的摄入量均高于农村居民的摄入量,城乡居民对谷类、蔬菜、水果、奶制品的摄入量还存在不足;2)库区食物中铅、镉超标较严重,其中乳类、蛋类铅含量分别为允许限量的4.98、4.54倍,砷、汞超标情况相对较轻;3)库区居民通过食物摄入的铅、砷、镉、汞4种有害重金属元素水平均低于相应的ADI值,但城镇居民、农村居民摄入的镉元素水平分别达到ADI值的86.88%和75.35%,应当引起警惕;4)薯类、谷类和蔬菜类食品是库区居民重金属摄入的主要膳食来源.

549 households of Shizhu County in Chongqing located in Three Gorges Reservoir area were chosen for the investigation on the dietary patterns of local inhabitants with the stratified, multistage, cluster, random sampling methods based on cities＇ development levels and community nutrition requirement. 12 kinds of main food including vegetables, meat, grain and so on, were sampled. Pb, Cd, Hg, As in them were analyzed and the intake levels of these four heavy metals by local inhabitants were accounted using the total dietary study method. The results indicated that： 1） except the grain, legume, saccharide and potato, intakes of all the food by urban residents were more than that by the rural ones, and intakes of grain, vegetables, fruit and milk were insufficient by the both; 2） The content of Pb and Cd was far beyond the limited content in analyzed food, and the content of Pb in milk and egg were respectively as 4.98 and 4.54 times as the limited content, while the excessive situation about As and Hg was comparatively slight; 3） The intake levels of these four toxic heavy metals by local inhabitants through these food were lower than corresponding ADI standard values. However, the Cd ingested by urban residents and rural ones had respectively risen to 86.88% and 75.35% of the corresponding ADI standard values, which should be paid attention to; 4） Toxic heavy metals ingested by the households in Three Gorges Reservoir area were mainly from potato, grain and vegetables.