低温热能发电的研究现状和发展趋势

The Latest Research Findings Concerning Low-temperature Heat Energy-based Power Generation and its Development Trend

低温热能种类繁多,数量巨大,利用这部分能源意义重大。介绍了低温热能发电技术的研究现状和发展趋势。低温热能发电技术主要应用于太阳能热电、工业余热发电、地热发电、生物质能发电、海洋温差发电等方面。现阶段低温热能发电的研究重点有:工质的热物性和环保性能、循环优化研究;提高低温热能发电效率的研究,包括混合工质循环、Kalina循环、回热、氨吸收式动力制冷循环等;基于有限时间热力学的系统最优控制等方面的研究。

The utilization of low-temperature heat energy is of major significance because of its rich variety and huge quantity available worldwide.The current research results of low-temperature heat-energy power-generation technology are described along with its development trend.The above-mentioned technology is mainly used for solar-energy cogeneration systems,industrial waste heat-based power generation,geothermal power generation as well as power generation by utilizing biomass energy and ocean temperature difference etc.Nowadays,the research on low-temperature heat energy power generation has been mainly focused on working medium thermophysical properties,environmental protection performance and cycle optimization.The effective methods employed to raise the low-temperature and hightemperature heat energy power-generation efficiency involve research on the following cycles: hybrid working medium cycle,Kalina cycle,recuperative and ammoniaabsorption type refrigeration cycle.In addition to the above,system optimized control based on finite time thermodynamics etc.was also studied.