20世纪90年代以来中国公民资格权利的发展

The Development of Citizenship Rights in China Since the 1990s

从公民资格权利发展角度考察我国的社会转型有利于分析、解释国家面临的挑战和宏观发展轨迹。1990年代以来,在市场经济的发展、社会的分化和利益的多元化、社会公平问题、政府转型的大背景下,我国公民资格权利取得了一定进展:与市场经济建设相关的公民权利内容进一步发展,民主政治的实践使公民政治权利的形式和内容有所充实,社会权利的保护和发展尚处于探索当中。从宏观角度看,公民资格诸权利呈现出分化发展和相互推动的特点;国家主导制度构建与公民积极行使权利构成公民资格权利发展的双动力;户籍制度对权利的分等作用弱化,平等的公民资格权利的普遍化进程加速;程序性权利的设置与保障仍然不足,呈现出探索性特征。

It is a comprehensive way to analyze and explain the challenges and macro development tracks that China is undergoing from the aspect of the development of citizenship rights. Since the 1990s, citizenship rights have seen some progress in the context of the development of market economy, the differentiation of the society, the diversification of interests, the emerging problem of social justice and government transformation. Civil rights related closely to market economy is developing rapidly, political rights have developed both in contents and forms, and the protection of social rights is still on the way. Generally speaking, the three rights display the characteristics of their respective development and mutual promotion, the state＇s domination over institution building and citizens＇active exercise of rights compose the two engines of the development of citizenship rights, and the popularization of citizenship rights is speeding up with household system weakening. Though the procedural protection of rights is not sufficient, it is still being explored.