论地缘政治与地缘经济的研究范式

On the Standard Research Paradigm of Geopolitics and Geo-economics

笔者从人文地理学的基本研究规律出发,在借鉴其他学科已有研究成果的基础上,深入细致地探讨了地缘政治和地缘经济的研究范式及其异同,将国家利益、地理环境、区域、控制、合作、国内利益关系等作为地缘政治和地缘经济的基本研究范式。笔者认为,地缘政治和地缘经济的理论研究都是以维护和发展国家利益为根本出发点和最终归宿的,国家在实现地缘战略的过程中适应和改变着地理环境;在地缘政治的研究领域内,国家实现了对于区域的控制即实现了国家利益,在地缘经济的研究领域内,国家是通过经贸、科技、文化等方面的国际合作来实现对于资源的控制,进而达到控制区域、实现国家利益的目标,因此地缘经济的研究范式要比地缘政治的研究范式复杂。

Starting from the fundamental research rules of anthropogeography and based on the research achievements in other subjects and science, the present paper penetrates into the standard research paradigms of geopolitics and gco- economics and the similarities and differences between them. Then the paper lists several standard research forms of geopolitics and geo- economics, including national profits, geographical environment, districts, control, cooperation, domestics relationships of profits and soon. It is thought that theoretical studies on geopolitics and geo- economics are all inclined to maintain and develop national profits and keep national profits as the basic starting point and as the final goal. During the process of achieving geographical strategies, the country adapts to the geographical environment and meanwhile changes it. In the research field of geopolitics, if the country fulfills its control on the districts, it will achieve its national profits. In the research field of geo- economics, the country fulfill its control on its resources through international cooperation in many aspects including economy, trade, science, techniques, culture and so on. Then the country will arrive at the goal of controlling districts and achieving national profits. As a result, it can be said that the standard research form of geo- economics is more complicated than that of geopolitics.