成人和3种成体哺乳动物血管组织动力学研究

Histodynamic observation of blood vessel in adult human and three kinds of mammalian

目的:观察正常成人、犬、大鼠和家兔大中血管壁组织结构及其演化关系,探讨血管的组织动力学过程。方法:5例成人尸检大动脉和中动脉标本、5只家犬主动脉和股动脉标本、12只大鼠大动脉至髂动脉标本、3只家兔大动脉标本,常规石蜡切片,HE染色,光学显微镜观察。结果:正常成人与成体犬、大鼠、家兔大中血管壁一般包括内膜、中膜、外膜和鞘膜4层。血管内膜内皮表面可见成血-血管干细胞归巢和内化与血液沉积物及其表面内皮化;内膜与中膜之间可见内膜细胞与膜平滑肌细胞演化序列;中膜与外膜之间可见平滑肌退变序列;外膜外有神经源的鞘膜。植物神经末端可演化形成滋养血管。结论:正常成人、犬、大鼠和家兔大中血管壁主要由归巢和沉积方式来源于成血-血管干细胞形成的内膜细胞演化而成,内膜细胞演化形成中膜平滑肌,平滑肌退化而成外膜。

Aim ： To observe the structure and its evolvement of the wall of large and medium-sized blood vessels of normal adult dog, rat, rabbit, and human, and study the histodynamie process of blood vessel. Methods： The paraffin sections of blood vessels from 5 adult human autopsies, 5 dogs, 12 rats, and 3 rabbits, stained with HE, were observed under light microscope. Results： The walls of large and medium-sized blood vessels of adult human, dog, rat, and rabbit were commonly composed of tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia, and tunica theca. On the surface of tunica intima, homing and innerration of hemangioblast and aggradations surface endothelial conversion could be found. In the region be- tween tunica intima and tunica media, the evolving serial from the cells of tunica intima to smooth muscle cells of tunica media could be observed. The degradative serial of smooth muscle could be found in the region between tunica media and tunica adventitia. The tunica theca originated from nervous tissue appeared in the region outside tunica adventitia. Conclu- sion ： The walls of large and medium-sized blood vessels of normal adult dog, rat, rabbit, and human are mainly evolved by homing and innerration of tunica intima cells originated from hemangioblast. The tunica intima cells are evolved to form smooth muscles of tunica intima, and the smooth muscles are degraded to form tuica adventitia. Tunica theca is the evolving remnant of blood vessels originated nervous tissue, which could evolve into vasa vasorum and fat tissue.