江永《翼梅》中的冬至时刻考证

A Textural Research on the Time of Midwinter in Yimei of Jiang Yong

清代乾嘉时期,在考据学的盛行下,清代学人对中国古历多有研究,但研究方法多限于“以古考古”,着重于重现古历原貌.江永的研究方式则与众不同,他以西历算法计算古历数据,并以此为据,对中国古历中许多数据的正确性产生怀疑.对江永所做的工作进行分析和评述.

Yimei（literally A Companion to Mei＇s Treatises）, also entitled Shuxue （Mathematics）, written by Jiang Yong（1681--1762） in 1741,is a Chinese treatise on mathematical astronomy in the 18＇h century that studied and commented on Mei Wending＇s treatises on western astronomy and calendar. In the masterpiece Jiang explained,reviewed and revised the main part of Mei＇s study. Jiang developed his astronomical system mainly based on the old western theories and reasoning methods introduced into China in the Jusuit missionaries＇ translations. It fully reflects his admination to the western astronomy. Jiang Yong＇s detail methods of checking the ancient records about winter solstice were analyzed and commented.