我国农户精养淡水鱼成本效率的测定及其影响因素分析

Study on Cost Efficiency Measurement of Intensive Fresh Water Fish Cultivation and its Influence Factor Analysis

在综述随机前沿成本模型及成本效率概念的产生、发展、分类、求解的基础上,选取2002年度和2003年度我国农户精养淡水鱼投入产出数据为样本,以Battese和Coelli 1995年模型为基础,构建我国农户精养淡水鱼随机前沿成本模型,并应用Frontier4.1软件包进行参数估计及测定成本效率。结果发现:我国农户精养淡水鱼目前处于规模报酬递增的生产阶段;1 kg主产品仔畜进价、1 kg主产品精饲料费用分别对单位面积含税成本有负、正效应影响;我国农户精养淡水鱼存在着较大程度的成本浪费,且有着明显的时空差异;增加青粗饲料投喂量会加大成本浪费,期间费用和税金增加会加倍增加成本;增加精饲料费用投入则不会造成成本浪费,相反还可降低成本。

It is necessary for economic units to find out the factors leading to unexpected cost loss by cost efficiency calculation, since the cost competition is demanded in the market economy. In this paper, concept, development and systems of stochastic frontier cost model and the cost efficiency were elaborated. Based on the concept, samples of input-output data of the intensive fresh water fish cultivation in China as well as the Battese and Coelli1995 model were chosen to construct the stochastic frontier cost model of intensive fresh water fish cultivation in China. Frontier 4.1 was used to estimate the parameters and calculate cost efficiency. It was concluded that intensive fresh water fish cultivation was in the phase of increasing returns. The cost of the newborn animals and concentrated forage per kg had negative and positive effects respectively on the total cost. Huge cost loss existed in the production of intensive cultivated fresh water fish in China with the obvious differences of cost inefficiency in different years and regions. Enhancement of green and coarse fodder, period costs and taxes increased cost loss. But concentrated forage improvement reduced the cost loss.