驯化沙葱生长及其营养变化规律

Study on Growth and Nutritional Change Rules of Domesticated Allium mongolicum

通过沙葱驯化栽培试验,对其物候期及相关气候因子进行了连续2年观测,并对其营养成份进行对比化验。研究结果表明,驯化沙葱3月中下旬,气温大于2.35℃时,即开始萌动出苗;4月中旬,温度≥9.6℃,进入快速生长期。7、8、9月份气温≥22℃,降水较集中时完成开花结果;11月下旬,气温低于0℃时进入休眠期。沙葱刈割后,0～8 d高生长和粗生长最快,高生长平均达1.6 cm/d;10 d后,生长明显减弱;15 d后基本处于停滞状态;20 d后部分叶片丧失功能开始枯黄。驯化沙葱的营养成分同野生沙葱完全相同,但含量发生了变化。常量矿物质及微量元素和水分含量明显增加。各种氨基酸、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和β-胡萝卜素等含量有所下降,变异系数在9%～23%。沙葱与优质牧草苜蓿、多根葱相比,饲用品质优于两者。

Trials on domestication and cultivation of Allium mongolicum was conducted. The phenophase and related climate factors were continuously observed for 2 years. And nutrient components of wild and domesticated Allium mongolicum were analyzed. The result revealed that domesticated A Uium mongolicum germinated in middle and late March when the temperature was higher than 2.35℃; fast-growing period was in middle April when the temperature was above 9.6℃; the period of bearing flowers and fruits came in July, August and September when the temperature was above 22℃ and there was plentiful rainfall; and dormancy period was in late November when the temperature was below 0℃. The height growth and width growth were the fastest from 0 to 8 days after cutting, with the average height growth of 1.6cm per day. After 10 days, the growth became obviously slow and almost stopped after 15 days, and some leaves withered after 20 days. The nutrient components of domesticated A Ilium mongolicum were the same with that of wild one. However, the quantity of different elements changed. The content of minerals, mieroelements and water obviously increased, taking a positive change; while the ammonia acid, crude protein, crude fat and carrot element decreased, taking a negative change. The change coefficient was 9 - 23%. Fodder quality of Allium mongolicum were better than those of Allium polyrhizum and Medicogo sativa.