论先秦儒道“和谐”思想之异同

A Comparative Study of Confucian and Taoist Thoughts on Harmony before Qin Dynasty

先秦儒道两家都认同“和谐”是一种规律或法则,是一种理想状态,强调人要和睦相处,崇尚“天人合一”。但先秦儒家主张心为主宰,注重人的力量和德的作用;先秦道家却主张超越世俗,看重“天和”,认为人的本真就是和谐的,要皈依自然,遵循自然规律。二者双峰并立,相映生辉,共同支撑和影响着中国和谐思想的发展。

Before the Qin Dynasty, both Confucianism and Taoism, laying stress on the harmonious coexistence among individuals and the ＂integration of man and nature＂, assume that ＂harmony＂ was the rule or law, and an ideal state. However, Confucianism posits that mind is in control of everything, and emphasis is placed on human power and the role played by virtue. In contrast, Taoism lays special human transcendence and ＂natural harmony＂, assuming that human beings are harmony itself, and should follow natural rules and laws. Two schools of thoughts complement each other and have lent support to and influenced the development of thoughts on harmony.