略论沙特阿拉伯政治制度及政治民主化走势

The Characteristics,Evolution and Tendency of Democratic System in Saudi Arabia

沙特阿拉伯政治制度的主要特点是政教合一;多个家族联合执政。20世纪60年代以前,沙特基本无现代工业。60年代沙特政府提出“十点纲领”改革计划。70年代,沙特领导人注意在“硬件”方面完善国家机器。沙特政治民主化的走势估计是根据本国情况,循序渐进地推进政治民主化进程,因为沙特政府、王室担心照搬西方的民主会引起对沙特政治、文化、社会等方面的冲击,以及宗教势力的不满和抵制。21世纪沙特政治体制改革和民主化进程不会一帆风顺,但经过沙特各方面的努力,有可能取得新的重要进展。

The main characteristics of Saudi Arabia’s political system are the political-religious combination and the co-governance by more than one family.This article has discussed the evolving process of Saudi Arabia’s political system from the time before 1960s to ten-point program of Crown Prince Fatsal in 1960s,and to the significant reform on the political system practiced by the reformist representative Fahd in 1970s. Since the Saudi Arabian government and the royal family are afraid that to copy Western democracy may shake domestic politics,cuiture and society,and may be criticized and resisted by local religious forces,the political democratization tendency in Saude Arabia is likely to be promoted in proper sequence.While the course of political reformation and democratization in saude Arabia in the 21 st century may not be in plain sailing,there is the possibility that some majou progress could be made.