新公共管理的政策工具:PPP的理论与实践分析

The Policy Tool of New Public Management: A Research on Theory and Practice of PPP Model

公共产品必须由政府提供,但由政府单独供给有不少困难,而公私合作制或公私合作伙伴关系即PPP模式可成为提供公共产品的主要途径。它是公共部门和私人部门基于各自的专业知识的合作机制,通过合理的分配资源、分担风险和分享收益,从而最有效地符合了公共需求。其优越性在于公共产品的生产和提供可以分离,政府提供公共产品但不一定要直接生产,而且合同属于民事合同。目前,PPP模式在西方国家的实践是成功的。

In traditional concepts, public goods, which are typical fields of ＂market failure＂, must be provided by the government. Economists quotes three theory models of ＂the tragedy of the commons＂, ＂prisoner＇ s dilemma＂, ＂the logic of collective action ＂ to show the non- efficiency of public goods provided by private sectors and the necessity of government＇ s providing. However, the government also meets with troubles while singly providing public goods. With the booming of new public management, PPP model becomes the main path to provide public goods. We should have a sight on its meaning, origin, characteristics, basic mechanism and practical experiences while understanding PPP model.