模拟仓中甲酸乙酯对4种储粮害虫的熏蒸活性研究

STUDIES ON THE FUMIGATION ACTIVITIES OF ETHYL FORMATE AGAINST FOUR STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS IN SIMULANT STOREHOUSE

在小麦、玉米和稻谷等3种粮食的模拟仓中测定甲酸乙酯对4种重要储粮害虫成虫米象Sitophilus oryzae L.、谷蠹Rhyzopertha dominica F.、赤拟谷盗Tribolium casta-neum H.、嗜卷书虱Liposcelis bostrychophila B.的熏蒸活性,结果表明甲酸乙酯在小麦仓中的熏蒸效果最好,在玉米仓中的熏蒸效果次之,在稻谷仓中的熏蒸效果最差。在30℃条件下,以70g/m3的药剂浓度熏蒸处理24h,在小麦仓的上、中、下3层的4种害虫死亡率均达到100%;在玉米仓的上、中层4种害虫的校正死亡率也均为100%,而下层也仅有少量米象个体存活;在稻谷仓内,上、中、下3层的4种害虫均有存活,即使浓度达到90g/m3,下层4种害虫的校正死亡率也均低于50%。对不同的害虫种类而言,甲酸乙酯对嗜卷书虱和谷蠹的熏蒸效果较好,赤拟谷盗次之,而相同条件下对米象成虫的熏蒸效果最差。

The fumigation activities of ethyl formate （EtF） against S. oryzae, T. castaneum, R. dominica and L. bostrychophila were studied in simulant storehouses with wheat, maize and paddy. The results showed that fumigation activities of EtF in simulant wheat storehouse were the best, the next in maize warehouse, and the corrected mortality in paddy storehouse was the lowest. The corrected mortalities of 4 species in upper, middle and lower layer of wheat storehouse were 100% with a dose of 70 g/m^3 after 24 h treatment under 30℃. The corrected mortalities of 4 species in upper and middle layer in simulant maize storehouse were 100 % and some living adults of maize weevils existet in the lower layer. Four kinds of insects can survive at all layers of the paddy storehouse even when the EtF dose was 90 g/m^3 and the corrected mortality at the lower layer was less than 50 %. As to the fumigation efficiency of EtF to the 4 kinds of insects, EtF can control R. dominica and L. bostrychophila effectively and get the best fumigation efficiency. The fumigation efficiency against T. castaneum ranked the second. The poorest fumigation efficiency against S. oryzae can be obtained under the same conditions.