清代江南地方官府对商业秩序的整治——以碑刻资料为中心的考察

Measures to Improve Commercial Order by Local Governments in the Jiangnan Area in the Qing Dynasty

在清政府建立良好商业秩序的政策导向下,江南地方政府在对商业秩序的整治做了大量积极的努力:禁止勒索外地商人,清理地方黑恶势力,禁止侵犯他人商标权,安置失地居民,处理公共事务,官府出面缓和劳资矛盾。这些措施产生了一定的效果,为江南经济的繁荣提供了必要的保障。过去我们较关注商人自身躲避商业风险和建立商业秩序的努力,但实际上清代各级政府对商业秩序整治的作为往往是决定性的。

Under the guidance of the central government in the Qing dynasty, the local governments in the Jiangnan area did their best to take measures to establish good commercial order. It was forbidden to extort merchants form other areas and the local underworld elements were cleared up. To infringe other＇ s trademark right was banned and the peasants who had lost their land were reallocated. Some issues of public affairs were properly handled and the governments also helped to alleviate the centradietion between employers and employees. These measures brought about some good results and provided necessary guarantee for economic prosperity in the Jiangoan area. In the past there was a tendency among researchers to fix their attention on the merchants＇ efforts of avoiding commercial risks and establishing order by themselves. However, what the local governments did was crucial as they could put these measures into effect by political force.