小波变换与F-K算法在滤波中的应用

Application of wavelet transform and F-K algoritkm in filtering

陆地地震勘探资料通常含有不同类型的噪声。有效地消除这些噪声，提高分辨率是地震数据处理的主要内容之一。作为一种时频分解方法，小波变换是一种有效的时变滤波工具。本文简述了小波交换的有关理论，阐述了它的滤波原理，并借助于F－K德波方法，将小坡变换成功地应用于地震信号的滤波之中。具体方法是：将一维信号变换到二维F-T平面上，通过改变不同的尺度因子，把信号的不同频率分量刻画出来，再通过改变位移参数来描述信号的时间特性。对实际地震资料的单炮记录以及叠加剖面的处理结果表明，本文将F－K滤波算子与小波变换串联应用，是一种十分有效的滤波方法。

There are usually different noises in land seismic data. It is one of major tasks in seismic data processing for us to achieve effectively noise elimination and resolu-tion improvement. Wavelet transform, which functions as time-frequency decompo-sition method, is a very useful time-varying filtering tool. The relevant theory and filtering principle of wavelet transform are expounded here. With the aid of F-K filtering, we apply wavelet tra ns form to seismic signal filtering successfully. The technique recommended here involves the steps: 1) mapping 1-D seismic signals on-to 2-D F-T plane, 2) highlighting respectively the signal contents of different fre-quencies with the use of different scale factors, and 3) describing the time charac-teristics of signals by changing displacement parameters. The processing results of single-fold seismic data and stack section show that the cascade use of F-K filtering operator and wavelet transform is a very effective filtering method.