摘要
根据地震波振幅衰减随不同的频率成分有不同的吸收衰减特点,本文基于小波变换理论,提出了时频域球面发散和吸收补偿的处理方法。首先分析了振幅衰减的物理机制,将吸收因子分解为地表一致性吸收项和大地吸收项。然后利用小波分解的特性将地震记录分解成不同的频道(尺度),拟合出各个频道随时间和炮检距变化的低频吸收能量曲线,对相应的频道进行补偿,再将各个频道重构为经过补偿后的地震记录,以消除大地吸收项对振幅的影响。而地表一致性吸收项留待后续处理去解决,如地表一致性及褶积。经过理论试算和实际处理表明,本方法能较好地消除球面发散和大地吸收对振幅的影响。
In view of the fact that seismic amplitude attenuation varies with the absorp-tion of different frequency contents, and based on wavelet transform theory, we put forward a new processing method for compensating spherical divergence and ab-sorption in the time -frequency domain. The method includes the following points:Absorption factor is decomposed into surface-consistent absorption compo-nent and earth absorption component by analysing the geophysical mechanism of amplitude attenuation.Seismic record is decomposed into different frequency traces by using the characteristic of wavelet decomposition.Low-frequency energy absorption curve that varies with time and offset is drawn to compensate its corresponding frequency trace.Each frequency trace is then converted into the selsmic record that has un-dergone compensation, removing the negative influence of earth absorption upon seismic amplitude.Surface-consistent absorption can be eliminated in the late processing steps such as surface-consistent deconvolution.Theoretical and practical results indicate that the method can compensate quite de-sirably the amplitude attenuation due to spherical divergence and earth absorption.
出处
《石油地球物理勘探》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
1996年第6期856-866,905,共12页
Oil Geophysical Prospecting
基金
国家自然科学基金
中国科学院资助
中国石油天然气总公司资助
大庆石油管理局资助
关键词
振幅
球面发散
小波变换
地震波
地震勘探
amplitude recovery,spherical divergence, absorption,attenuation, surface consistence,wavelet transform