春秋战国乡里社会的变化与国家基层权力的建立

Changes of the Xiangli Society and the Establishment of the Basic Power of State During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

在春秋战国区域性的专制主义中央集权发展过程中,基层社会的变化与国家权力的社会化二者互动,促使了乡里基层政权的迅速建立与完善,尽管这个历程在不同国家和不同地区的发展还具有不平衡性,但这两个条件缺一不可。春秋战国国家乡里基层政权是在具有宗法血缘关系的家族公社和农村公社瓦解的基础上建立的,它不可避免地还要在形式上依赖于乡里社会流传久远的自然社会秩序,但是从春秋战国的历史实际来看,乡里政权的权力体系是一元化的,还没有出现典型的分割国家政权的其他权力体系。

With the development of regional despotic centralization during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, shifts in the grass root society and the socialization of state power interact with each other, which stimulate the rapid establishment and improvement of the infrastructural power. Although this development is still unbalanced in different countries and areas, each of the above two conditions is indispensable. The infrastructural power of Xiang and Li during the Autumn and Warring States Period is established on the basis of disruption of family commune and village commune with the kin of patriarchal clan. Inevitably, it is dependent formally on the order of the natural society which has a long history in society of Xiang and Li. However, in the light of history of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, the power system of Xiang and Li is uniform and other typical power systems have not emerged yet, which would lead to the division of the state power.