“中世纪城市革命”的再思考

Rethinking About the Medieval Urban Revolution

自施坚雅归纳出“中世纪城市革命”的五个特点之后,这一命题被学界广泛接受。但是,以往研究对这一命题的几个基础问题,即“市”、“坊”和“城外郊区”还缺乏深入研究,并且存在误解,这使得施坚雅提出的五个特点中有四点存在或多或少的问题,因此“中世纪城市革命”这一命题必须要重新予以考虑。而且,当前“中世纪城市革命”的研究方法存在“预设前提”的现象;研究内容也局限在坊、市、城外郊区等少数问题上,忽略了城市中其他要素的研究;在研究时段上也缺乏足够的时间跨度,这些问题阻碍了相关研究的深入进行。今后对唐宋城市的研究应该以长时段为主导,深入研究地方城市中各个要素的变化,客观分析唐宋之间地方城市到底发生了哪些变化,这些变化是否构成变革。

There are five characteristics in Skinner＇s theory of the ＂medieval urban revolution＂. This paper analyzes four characteristics and finds out that some mistakes existing in them. As a result, this paper holds the opinion that Skinner＇s theory must be re-considered. Furthermore, the study of the ＂medieval urban revolution＂ and the related study were methodologically flawed, which hampered the further research. So, the future research should be based on long-term, objective analysis to study the changes of the whole elements of local cities, to make clear what changes have occurred and what kind of changes can constitute the revolution.