论能量-时间不确定关系的解释语境

The Explanatory Context of Energy-Time Uncertainty Relation

自从海森堡创立不确定关系以来,对其内涵解释的争论一直未停止过。由于时间在量子力学中的特殊性,能量-时间不确定性关系的指称和意义在不同的解释语境中各不相同。能量ΔE和时间Δt究竟指称什么?不确定性关系ΔE·Δt≥2的意义又是什么?文章区分了时间在量子力学中的三种角色,进而讨论了各种能量-时间不确定性关系的解释语境,及各种解释语境下其指称和意义,厘清在能量-时间不确定性关系解释上的混乱。

There are many controversies on energy—time uncertainty relation. Because of the confused role time plays in quantum mechanics, the references and meanings of energy—time uncertainty relation are different in different explanatory contexts. But what do time and energy really mean? What is the philosophical foundation of this relationship? The article bases on the three different meanings of time in quantum mechanics, discusses the references and meanings of energy—time uncertainty relation in various contexts, and aims to clarify the confusion on the references and the meanings of the uncertainty relation between energy and time.