推进中国电信普遍服务发展的政策建议

Policy suggeslions for China telecom to promote the universal service

中国电信普遍服务政策的实施取得了显著成效,电话普及率由1980年的0.43%上升到2004年底的50.8%。但中国电信普遍服务一直存在着投入大、产出小、维护困难的被动局面,成为运营商长期以来的沉重包袱,究其原因主要是农村人口居住高度分散、现行各种通信技术体制不适合解决普遍服务以及竞争的压力迫使运营商不愿主动承担落后地区和农村地区的建设义务。发达国家在实施电信普遍服务上是比较成功的,他们的成功做法值得中国借鉴和学习。要推进中国电信普遍服务的全面发展必须采取行政的、经济的、法律的与技术的政策措施,以从根本上解决中国农村电信普遍服务滞后问题。

The performance of universal service policy for China telecom has already maken an obvious achievement, with improvement of popularizing rate from 0.43% in 1980 to 50.8% in the end of 2004. However, there has been passive situation in the universal service all along with large input, small output, and difficult maintenance, which have been heavy burdens to operators for a long time. The situation is mainly caused by following factors, rural population live far scatteredly, various present telecom - technology systems improperly solve the universal service, and competitive pressure forces operators to undertake unwillingly the construction duty for poor and rural rigions. Many developed countries successively solve the universal service in telecom, which can be used for reference. To promote the all - round development of universal service for China telecom most adopt administratice, economic, legal, and technological policies in order to solve the problem fundamentally.