太湖流域营养物质输移的模拟评估研究

Simulation assessment on nutrient transport in Taihu Lake Basin

以太湖流域上游来水区作为研究区,利用1995年、1998年和2002年实测的气象、水文水质资料和社会经济统计资料,以SWAT模型为模拟工具,对土壤本底营养盐、城镇农村居民生活排污、牲畜养殖排放、农业化肥使用、工业点源排放等5种营养来源进行了敏感性模拟.模拟结果表明:生活污水和工业点源是最重要的营养物质来源;农业化肥、牲畜养殖、生活污水、土壤本底营养盐及其他面源等非点源营养物质来源是太湖外源输入的主要形式;在营养盐入湖总量中,大约86%的总氮和88%的总磷与人类活动密切相关;总氮、总磷入湖量的贡献份额具有明显的空间差异,湖西区和武虞区是营养物质外源输入的主要贡献地区.

Based on the observed meteorological, hydrological, and water quality data and social and economic statistical data of 1995, 1998, and 2002, and with the SWAT model as the simulation tool, a simulative analysis of 5 nutrient sources, including soil nutrient background, urban and rural ldomestic sewage discharge, industrial point source discharge, livestock breeding discharge, and the use of fertilizers, was performed for the intake area on the upper Taihu Lake Basin. The simulated result shows that the domestic sewage and industrial point sources are the main nutrient sources, and that the non-point source nutrients, such as fertilizers, livestock breeding, domestic sewage, soil nutrient background, are the main forms of external nutrient sources discharged into the Taihu Lake. Of the total amount of nutrient salt discharged into the lake, about 86% of TN and 88% of TP are closely related to the human activities. T he contribution raties of TN and TP discharged into the lake are of obvious spatial difference. Moreover, Huxi district and Wuyu district are the leading sections of external nutrients discharged into the Taihu Lake.