美国加州“水银行”运行机制研究

Study on Operation Mechanism of “Water Bank” in California in the U.S.A.

美国加州“水银行”的出现是伴随其北水南调工程,在具有良好的蓄水、输水设备和广大的含水层空间优势的基础上,当出现极端干旱的背景下创新性地建立的一种水资源管理模式。我国南水北调工程调水范围更广、水资源配置难度更大,如何实现跨流域、跨地区水资源的合理分配关系着调水工程的成败。加州“水银行”的运作机制研究可以为我国南水北调工程的水资源管理提供参考和借鉴。

＂Water bank＂ is a new mode of water allocation arising from serious water shortage in 1991 in California. It depends on implementing the project of water transfer from south to north with abound facilities for water storage, transfer and water-bearing stratum. The project of water transfer from south to north in China will redistribute more water in different river-valleys and different districts, so it faces more difficulty in water allocation. As a result, drawing lessons from operation mechanism of ＂water bank＂ in California is significant for the project of water transfer from the south to north in China.