文化卫道与政治抉择——以徐复观、钱穆为例的讨论

Cultural defendism and political choice——a comparative study of Xu Fuguan and Qian Mu

在西潮的冲击下所形成的保守主义思潮中,以捍卫中国传统文化、尤其是儒家文化的基本价值为己任的文化保守主义构成了“文化卫道”景观。当保守主义透入到现代性政治的抉择时,则形成拒斥现代性政治的政治保守主义,文化卫道就此与政治抉择形成一种张力关系。徐复观从文化保守主义出发,走向了政治上的现代性道路;钱穆的文化保守主义落到现实政治层面,衍生出政治保守主义。前者是局部意义的保守主义者,后者是彻底的保守主义者。仅就这个角度来看,钱穆确实不属于“现代新儒家”的阵营。

Cultural conservatism which was formed under the strike of Western tides of thoughts constituted an interesting view of defending conventional moral principles in the effort to defend Chinese traditional culture as a whole, especially the basic values in the Confucian culture. When coming to a choice before modernistic politics, cultural conservatism could become political conservatism, thus a strain between cultural defendism and political choice. From a standpoint of cultural defendism, Xu Fuguan chose political modernity, whereas Qian Mu turned to political conservatism, which means the conservatism in the latter case was more thorough. Qian certainly does not belong to the school of Neo-Confucianism.