性别:文学研究的一个有效范畴

Gender: an available category in literary studies

性别与文学的关系复杂而深刻。无论在社会生活中,还是在文学创作以及文学研究中,性别都不是一种孤立、静止的存在,而是与阶级、种族、文化、宗教等方方面面的因素纵横交织,相互联系和渗透,在由人的活动所构成的历史与现实中呈现出极为丰富的样态。“性别”作为文学研究的一个有效范畴,其主要特点是:在研究宗旨上,带有鲜明的政治文化批评色彩;在批评标准上,强调基于“女性经验”建立的真实性尺度;在研究实践中,具有多学科理论资源越界综合的特征。作为社会科学中的一个分析域,一种谈论社会关系的方式,“性别”在文学研究领域的引进和运用,既有其开阔、敏锐、革命性的一面,也不可避免地有其局限性。

The relation between gender and literature is complicated and profound. No matter in social life or in literary works and literary studies, gender is never an isolated and immobile entity. It infiltrates and is closely related to classes, races, cultures and religions and manifests itself with abundant appearances. As an available category in literary studies, it is characterized with bright colors of political and cultural criticism in the research tenet; as a criterion of criticism, it emphasizes the authentic yardstick based on the female experience; in the research practice, it has the characteristic of integrating multi subjects. As a field of social science, a mode of discourse on social relations, the introduction and use of gender theory is extensive, acute and revolutionary, though it also has inevitable limit.