借对的认定

Identification of Loaned Antithesis

结合语言和文献,从言语交际的一般原则出发讨论古诗中借对的认定问题,我们以为:一、借诗句中某字的同音字的音义来形成工对,前提之一是,这个借来的意义不得与原对子的正义、语境相冲突。如果它处于某个词或词组结构中,那它在意义上要能与这个词或词组作最低程度的组合。二、在强式字词和一些常用的凝固结构上一般不产生借对。三、在当时人乐于接受的、意境等方面本自相配的事类、义类之间,不会产生借对。四、借对既然是为了追求对偶的工整,那么,是否为借对,就可以通过反推法来检验。

In dealing with the identification of loaned antithesis in ancient poems, the present paper, taking into consideration of language and literature, and starting from the general principle of lan- guage communication, comes to the following 4 points ： 1. In forming a perfect antithesis by adopting the sense of a homophone in the sentence, one of the premises was that the loaned sense was not to be in conflict with the true sense and context of the original couplet ; if it occurred in the structure of a certain term or expression, it should be able to be combined at least with the term or expression in sense. 2. Loaned antithesis did not happen to emphatic words and terms and the frequently-used set structures. 3. Neither did it happen to the naturally matchable things, senses, artistic conceptions, etc. which people at that time were willing to accept. 4. Since its aim was to achieve the perfection of antithesis, the true loaned ones could be verified by reversed inference.