对消费主义图景下的接受美学文学史观的反思

On Literary History Idea of Reception-Aesthetics in Consumptionism Prospect

文学存在的意义在于读者的接受及其产生的效果。在消费主义图景下的接受美学文学史观理论建构不仅只在文学史之历时性与共时性之中运作,更应考虑在文学活动的以读者为中心的几个要素之间运作。而传统的文学活动四要素的分法在消费时代显然不合时宜,因为文学市场构成因素现已深刻浸入其中,影响着作者的创作与读者的接受,这决定了它应当而且必须是文学活动的第五个要素;并且,在文学场中读者这一要素可能具有接受者、书写者、被书写者这三重身份特征。由此,文学的读者期待视野也必须得到重新界定。于是,我们的接受美学文学史概念就应该在一更为宏大的视界内得到与时俱迁的理论修正。本文试图从读者的多重身份特征入手,把文学活动的五要素放到文学的历时性与共时性的坐标系中来探讨接受美学文学史观的构架问题。

The meanings of the literature existence lie in the reception of reader and its effects. In the consumptionism prospect, the theoretic construction of the literary history of reception - aesthetics is operated in the diachronic and synchronic as well as the several factors which take the reader as their centre. But the traditional division of the literary activities including four factors is not appropriate in the consumptive times because the literary market factors have permeated the literary activity deeply now and have affected the reader＇ s reception. Therefore, the commercial factor ought to be, or must be, the fifth factor. Moreover, in the literary field, the reader factor may be regarded to have three statuses： receiver, writer, and the written. Consequently, the horizon of experience must be redefined, and the concept of the reception - aesthetics ought to be revised in a wider view in time. The article attempts to discuss the construction of the literary history of the reception - aesthetics through the multi - status of readers, and put the five factors of literary activity into the reference frame of literary diachronic and synchronic.