GIS技术在城市环境噪声中的应用研究

Research Status of Urban Environmental Noise Based on GIS

噪声污染是城市环境问题四大公害之一,目前它已经成为制约城市人居环境质量提高的重要因素。噪声危害的严峻性和噪声问题的复杂性对环境噪声管理及研究提出了更高的要求。GIS强大的空间数据处理功能和可视化图形操作界面使其在噪声研究中具有其他软件无法比拟的优势。近年来,GIS逐渐广泛应用于噪声信息管理、噪声区划、噪声监测和评价等领城,但应用中也存在一些不足,通用预测模型和专业噪声研究软件的开发以及Web GIS、3D-GIS和人工智能的应用是发展的重要趋势。

Noise pollution is one of four social effects of pollution, acting as an important factor which handicaps the quality of urban inhabited environment from further improving. The ponderance and complexity of the noise pollution impose higher requirements on the management and research of the ambient noise. With its visual application interface, GIS has powerful capability in dealing with spatial data which generates unexampled advantages in the study of environmental noise. GIS has been more and more widely applied in noise information management, noise monitoring, environmental quality assessment and determinating suitable areas of environmental noise. However, GIS do have some disadvantages in actual application. The development of general prediction model and specialized noise research software,Web GIS,3D- GIS and the application of artificial intelligence are important development trend.