仿生农用杀菌剂银泰的研制与应用

Research on Bionic Fungicide Yintai and Its Application

银泰（1-对羟基苯基丁酮）是以银杏外种皮提纯物白果酚为先导化合物仿生合成的一种杀菌剂。其中，银杏果实乙醇粗提物8．3倍和25倍液对苹果腐烂病抑菌率达100％和50％；银杏果实外种皮提纯物白果酚200倍和400倍液对苹果腐烂病病菌抑菌率均为100％。20％银泰微乳剂对苹果腐烂病、番茄灰霉病等4种病菌EC50为17．26～48．43mg／L，分别优于对照药剂；田间防治小麦纹枯病等4种病害效果达85％以上；对非靶标生物安全，且不易产生抗药性。仿生合成的银泰原药对大白鼠毒性试验，经口、经皮LD50均为4640mg／kg，20％银泰乳油对大白鼠毒性试验，经口LD50为3160mg／kg，经皮LD50为2150mg／kg；亚慢性经口毒性（90d）试验雌为19．1mg／kg，雄为18．3mg／kg；Ames、细胞微核和染色体畸变试验均为阴性结果。

Yintai （p-hydroxy butrophenone） is a kind of bionic fungicides synthesized by simulating the lead compound of ginkgol isolated from the exosperm of ginkgo fruit. 8.3-time diluted solution of alcohol crude extract from the ginkgo fruit showed 100% inhibtion on the pathogen of apple canker（Valsa mali）, and 50% inhibition for the 25-time solution. Both 200-time and 400 time solutions of ginkgol, extracted from external seed coat of ginkgo, had 100% inhibition on pathogen of apple canker（Valsa mali）. EC50 of 20% Yintai ME against 4 kinds of pathogens, including apple canker, tomato gray mold, and so on, ranges from 17.26 mg/L to 48.43 mg/L, better than the contrast chemicals respectively. Field control effects on 4 kinds of diseases, e.g., Rhizoctonia cerealis, are higher than 85 %, with safety to non-target organisms, and no symptom of pesticide resistance. Both LD50 of acute oral toxicity and LD50 of acute dermal toxicity to mouse are 4 640 mg/kg by Yintai technical material, and 3 160 mg/kg and 2 150 mg/kg by 20% Yintai EC coorespondingly. Trials of subchronic toxicity （90 days） revealed that oral toxicity was 19.1 mg/kg for female, and 18.3 mg/kg for male, with negative results on Ames test, micro-nucleus test, and chromosome-type aberration test.