中国对虾育苗池和养成池微型污着生物群落的研究

STUDIES ON THE MICROFOULING COMMUNITIES FROM THE LARVAL REARING TANKS AND THE GROWOUT PONDS OF PENAEUS CHINENSIS

1992年4－10月在山东省青岛市黄岛前湾育苗场和胶南市红石崖镇邵家村养殖场，采用载玻片挂片和对中国对虾现场取样的方法，研究中国对虾育苗池和养成地载玻片挂片表面和对虾体表微型污着生物群落的组成和发展。结果表明，玻片上的微型污着生物包括细菌、真菌、藻类和原生动物。在育苗池，不同深度微型污着生物群落的组成相似；在养成地，其组成则略有不同：上层主要是细菌、藻类和纤毛虫；中层是细菌和纤毛虫，亦有少量藻类和真菌；下层则主要是细菌、真菌和纤毛虫。玻片上附着生活与自由生活的微型生物，一起组成一微生物粘膜。在育苗池，该粘膜形成后可保持到一个育苗周期结束而不被大型污着生物取代；在养成地，该粘膜形成后则会被大型污着生物，包括水螅、苔藓虫和藤壶等取代。中国对虾体表微型污着生物群落的组成与发展同玻片上的相似，说明对虾与对虾体表的微型污着生物之间存在着一种携带关系。

Studies on the components and development of the ndcrofoulingconrmunities on the glass surfaees of the larval rearing tanks, and the growout pondsof Penaeus chinenesis at Jiaozhou Bay in China were carried out in 1992 The studies showed attaching organisms on the surfaces of test panels were bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa; the microfouling organisms on the panels of the larval rearing tanks were cominonly bacteria, fungi and ciliates; algae such as Licmo Phora sp appeared occasionally The composition of Ancrofouling communitiesat all depths was similar In the growout ponds, the conunuinities consist of bacteria,fungi, algae and ciliates The ndcrofouling organisms on the panels at differeflt depthswere slightly different: at the upper layer of the ponds (0- 50cm), the attachingorgamsms were bacteria, algae and ciliates; at the median layer (50- 10cm) thatwere mostly bacteria, ciliates and less of fungi and algae; at the lower layer(100- 150cm) that were bacteria, fungi and ciliates, and rarely algae. The developnlent of the community began with attachment of bacteria to thesurface, followed by other attaching ndcroorganisms (fungi, algae and ciliates). Thebacteria, together with free living ndcroorganisms (including unicellular microalgae,ameba, flagellata, cilliates, nematodes, rotifers, etc.) formed a slime film The slimefilm formed on the larval tanks can keep in a larval rearing cycle, but that formed inthe growout ponds could be replace by microorganisms including hydroids, bryozoaand barnacles. The composition and the developmental process of the microfoulingcommunities on the panels and the body surfaces of shrimps are similar. It issugg Csted that there is a phoresis relation between peneid shrimp and microfoulingorgamsms.