残疾人观的嬗变与残疾人体育的历史回顾

Historical Retrospect of Disabled Sports and Attitude towards Disabled People

运用文献资料分析和历史研究等方法,通过梳理不同历史时期残疾人观的演变,探讨残疾人观的演变与残疾人体育参与之间的关系。东、西方残疾人观的嬗变存在较大差异,在不同的历史时期,西方残疾人观经历了野蛮对待、理性对待、同情保护、平等对待、融合等阶段和过程;残疾人体育也经历了从无到有,从萌芽到茁壮成长的过程。受儒家文化浸润的中国一直以朴素的人道主义对待残疾人,残疾人也不间断地通过传统的健身方式保持身体的健康和获得康复。随着时代的发展、人权得到重视和保护,残疾人观成为社会文明的晴雨表,残疾人的体育参与权利也逐渐得到保障,残疾人体育参与程度成为了社会文明发展进步的一个标志。

Through using the method of literature review and historical study, observing the evolvement of attitude towards disabled people at different period, this paper discusses the relation between attitude changing and sport participation for disabled people. It has big difference in attitude changing towards people with disabilities between West and East country in the history. Western disabled people experienced barbarism, rationalism, sympathize, equality and inclusive. Sport for disabled people experienced from zero to begin, and from seeds towards flourish. However, under the soakage of Confucianism, Chinese people treated persons with disabilities humanitarianism. People with disabilities can participate in some Chinese traditional physical activities to keep health or rehabilitation. With the development of civilization, people paid more attention on human right protection. Attitude towards persons with disabilities can be a weatherglass to show the cultural and civilization level. Disabled people participating in sports activity can be a signal of civilization development of a society.