鳜的口、咽腔味蕾形态和数量的初步研究

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND QUANTITY OF THE OROPHARYNGEAL CAVITY TASTE BULBS OF Siniperca chuatsi

用扫描电镜对鳜的口、咽腔味蕾的形态及数量进行了研究。结果表明：鳜的味蕾味孔小于一般硬骨鱼类的味蕾味孔。鳜的口、咽腔中有３种类型的味蕾，呈簇状不均匀地分在于齿间上皮之中。幼鱼咽腔中的味蕾较其它区域密集，数量也较多。而仔、稚鱼以唇中的味蕾数较多。３种类型的味蕾中，以Ⅰ、Ⅱ型味蕾占绝不多数，Ⅲ型味蕾较少。但年龄愈小，Ⅲ型味蕾所占比例愈大。以上结果说明：（１）味蕾在鳜幼鱼的吞咽活动中及在仔、稚鱼的摄食活动中有着特殊的作用。（２）Ⅲ型味蕾的化学感觉作用对仔鱼的摄食有着更重要的作用。

The Shape and quantity of different types of taste bulbs in the oropharyngeal cavity of the mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) were studied by means of scanning electronic micrcscopy. The results showed that the diameter of the mandarin fish's gustatory pores of the taste bulbs are smaller than general diameter of teleostean gusatory pores of the taste bulbs. There are type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ taste bulbs which were unevenly distributed in heaps in the oropharyngeal cavity of the fish. The density and number of the young fish's taste bulbs are both bigger in the pharyngeal cavity than in other sites, while the number of the taste bulbs in the lip of the larval and juvenile fish are greater than in other sites. The type Ⅰ and Ⅱ taste bulbs hold an overwhelming majority among the three types of taste bulbs, the typeⅢtaste bulbs being the least. But the younger the fish is, the bigger percentage type Ⅲ will occupy. The results suggest that(1) the taste bulbs play a particularly important role in the young fish's act of swallowing and in the larval and juvenile fish's food taking,(2) the role of the type Ⅲ taste bulbs is even more important in the larval and juvenile fish's food taking.