地震灾害损失评估数据库的设计与建立──以唐山地震为例

A Database Designed and Built on the Assessment for the Loss of the Seismic Hazards: A Case Study in Tangshan Earthquake

建立地震灾害损失评估数据库是以ＩＬＷＩＳ和ＰＣＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯＧＩＳ软件为工作平台。它能支持矢量格式的专题图件、栅格形成的遥感数据及关系表中的属性数据；它还可以实现矢量－栅格转换；而且数据库中的属性数据作为一个独立的关系表格存贮，并对应于其相关的空间单元。该数据库是以１９７６年唐山地震的航空遥感资料为基础，主要分３步进行。第一：建立地震区的基础地理数据库，包括：地理坐标、河流水系、县级行政区、公路、铁路和居民点；第二：应用航空遥感数据（航空影象）进行震区建筑物倒毁、生命线工程破坏及场地震害的分类分级，建立地震灾害数据库；第三：在ＧＩＳ支持下，生成高烈度区包络线，并进行地震灾害据失评估。

The objective of this database for the seismic hazards is to develop techniques for assessing and analyzing the distribution of seismic hazards through the useof airborne remote sensing data and GIS techniques. It is helpful to provide theseismic hazard relief to the people in the earthquake-striken areas.The database in ILWIS and PC ARC/INFO is based on the airborne remotesensing data of Tangshan in 1976. It contains three steps: the first is to build thegeographic database supported by GIS, including the geographic coordinates,rivers, administrative areas, roads, railways, residential areas; the second is tobuild the seismic hazard database by using the real-time airborne remote sensingdata, like aerial photography, to classify the different levels of the damaged residential areas, roads, railways, and the surface rifts, etc.; the third is to producethe enveloped lines in the high intensity areas to assess the loss of the seismicbazards.