指示水体病原污染的微生物及其检测

Microorganisms indicating pathogen contamination in waters and their detection

受粪便污染的水体可能含有严重威胁人类和动物健康的致病微生物,由于病原微生物在水环境中往往数量较少、检测比较困难,通常采用检测与病原微生物具有密切关系的指示微生物来指示和估计病原污染。指示微生物包括总大肠菌群及其替代微生物,已被广泛应用于水体污染程度检测等方面。总结了各种指示微生物的特性、应用范围以及检测方法等方面的最新研究进展。初步介绍了指示微生物和水环境之间的关系,着重介绍了判断病原微生物污染来源的指示微生物及其最新检测方法。

Detecting pathogens in waters contaminated with human and animal feces is crucial to understand the origin of fecal pollution,and to assess the quality and risk of polluted water environments. Since the amount of pathogens is in general very small and because of the difficulty of detecting pathogens ,indicating microorganisms,such as total coliforms,are usually applied as indicators for the detection of pathogens in water environments. This paper provides an overview of the microorganisms currently used to predict and identify source of fecal pollution in the environment,from traditional indicators such as total coliforms and alternative indicators,including E. coli,Enterococci, et al,to the microorganisms that can discriminate pathogens from the human sources and animal sources. The relationships between the characteristic of each microbe and the water environment as well as their approaches for detecting indicating microorganisms are also included in this review.