自由国际主义与第三世界——美国现代化理论兴起的历史透视

Liberal Internationalism and the Third World:A Historical Perspective of the Rise of American Modernization Theory

自由国际主义(liberal internationalism)是战后美国对外政策的基本"性格",它内在地要求生成美国主导的全球变迁的方案,特别是一个以援助和发展政策为核心的系统的第三世界政策,这是现代化理论运动在美国兴起的基本动力和历史条件。自由国际主义在冷战初期曾受到现实主义的有效抑制,一度延缓和削弱了美国对第三世界的重视及其对援助和发展政策的建构,现代化理论的政策效应即在于改变这种局面。现代化理论秉持自由国际主义并认同民主党自由主义,反映了美国自由主义演进的阶段性历史特征,又在很大程度上塑造了肯尼迪、约翰逊两届政府对第三世界的政策。

Liberal internationalism is the basic “character” of postwar American foreign policy.It intrinsically demands the formulation of a plan for global transformation under the leadership of the United States,especially a systematic Third-World policy with the policy of foreign aid and development as the core.This was the motive force and historical condition for the rise of the modernization theory in the United States.In the initial period of the Cold War,liberal internationalism was effectively curbed by realism,which delayed and weakened American awareness of the importance of the Third World and the construction of a policy of aid and development.The policy thrust of modernization theory was to change this state of affair.The modernization theory,with its liberal internationalism and identification with Democrat's liberalism,reflected the feature of the historical period in the evolution of American liberalism and to a great degree shaped the Third World policy of the Kennedy and Johnson administrations.