美国2007年农场法立法的政治经济学分析

The Political Economy of the 2007 Farm Bill Legislation

美国国内目前正在激烈辩论2007年农场法案,主要农场利益集团已经相继提出延长《2002年农场法》一年和在2007年农场法中增加“农场整体收益安全网”等农场收入支持政策,新的农场法还将涉及水土保持政策的大幅度修订,以及中西部等农业州发展生物能源等重大农场经济转型问题。美国农业部则提出2007年农业法要更多关注农村整体发展。美国国会除了支持延续现行农场经济保护政策,认为2007年农场法还要反映非农场利益集团关心的问题。本文认为,美国国内对2007年农场法的辩论和未来法律内容的变化,不但对美国不同利益集团的政治经济关系是一个新的调整,而且对参加新一轮世界贸易组织农业协议谈判各方提出了新要求。

The American farm interest groups have put forward different proposals in the current 2007 Farm Bill debates,including an extension of The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 for one year and a substitution of the farm Safety Net Program in the 2002 farm bill with the new Whole-farm Revenue Safety Net Program aiming to increase farm support on the current policy base,etc.The new farm policy of the USDA shows that the new farm bill should give greater attention to the overall development in rural America.The Congress holds that the new bill should,apart from continued protection of farm security,also address non-farm interests.It is analyzed in this paper that the core policy focus in the 2007 farm bill relates to farm support,conservation policy adjustment,and biofuel policies.The author argues that the debates and legislative changes in the new farm bill are political and economic adjustments among America's interest groups,both farm and non-farm,and this development poses new requirements for other parties in the new round of WTO agricultural negotiation.The author advises China's agricultural policy-makers to reform the present agricultural system to stabilize its farm economy.