竞技运动何以能在西方产生——从中西体育文化历史比较的视角

Why Competitive Sport Could Appear in Western Countries——From the comparative angle of history of Chinese and western sports culture

中西方体育文化是一种异质文化,由于其演进和转型的路径不同,风格各异。这些差异主要表现在中西体育文化不同的价值取向上。以仁、义、礼、智、信为核心理念的中国体育文化道德价值观和以勇敢、竞争、自由、平等、节制、谨慎为核心理念的西方体育文化道德价值观成为了中西体育文化选择的趋向,同时也决定了中西体育的基本存在方式。通过对中西体育文化的核心理念———利他原则和利我原则,中西体育文化的教育模式———“羊”性教育模式和“狼”性教育模式,中西体育文化的竞技观———“射不主皮”和“认识自我”等进行全面分析,从多个层面揭示了它们之间的一些实质性的差异,回答了中国为什么没有滋生竞技运动的土壤和竞技运动为什么只能在西方产生等问题。

Since they have different ways of developing and transferring and respective features, Chinese and western sports culture show their differences in property, which embody in different value orientation. Moral concepts of Chinese sports culture which feature with benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith and those of western sports culture which feature with bravery, competition, equality, temperance and cautiousness are the alternative tendency of Chinese and western sports culture, which also determines the existing way of Chinese and western sports. By anglicizing core concepts of Chinese and western sports culture-altruism and egoism, educating models.＂sheep＂educating model and ＂wolf＂educating model, and competitive concepts-＂Don＇t pierce through the leather while shooting＂ and ＂self- recognition＂, this paper reveals some material differences between Chinese and western sports culture from several angles and answers some questions like why Chinese ancient sports could not produce competitive sport and Competitive Sport could appear in western countries.