能源柳研究现状与国内引种栽培

Exploitation and Utilization Status of Bioenergy Willow and Its Cultivation and Growth in China

自2004年以来,中国先后从瑞典引进了一批速生能源柳品种和观赏品种,已在陕西杨凌、黄龙和桥山建立种质资源圃1.53公顷,造林面积2.67公顷。不同季节、软枝扦插和硬枝扦插成活率在90%以上;与当地乡土柳树比较,高、径、生物量生长量平均高出2～3倍,比其他乡土树种高4-5倍;不同品种间存在差异,以能柳C和能柳E最好;水分关系参数和酶等耐旱性指标比对照种高50%,保持了抗逆性;耐修剪、平茬、整形,园林观赏性良好。

A set of the excellent varieties of Sweden short rotation coppice willow（SSRCW） and other ornamental varieties have been introduced from Sweden to China since 2004. About 1.53 hm^2 germplasm resource nursery and 2.67 hm^2 plantation in Yangling, Huanglong and Qiaoshan in Shannxi province have been established. The survival rate of young branch cutting and old branch cutting is above 90 % in different seasons. The height, diameter, biomass of mean individual of SSRCW is 2-3 times more than that of the native willows species and 4-5 times more than that of other native trees （ Hippophae rhamnoides, Quercus variabilis, etc, ）. There are differences among the clones of SSRCS, the clone C and clone E are the best. The parameters of water relation and enzyme, etc. which show the ability of dry-resistance are 50 % higher than that of the native species. The experiment of cutting, pruning and making shape for SSRCS show its excellent ornamentatl characters. These clones of SSRCW can keep the excellent native character in China.