论刑法解释目标的理论基础与现实抉择

On the Theoretical Foundation and Realistic Choice of the Aim of Criminal Law Interpretation

刑法解释的目标是通过对刑法规范的解释所应达到和阐明的法律意蕴,其既是解释的理想境地,亦是评判解释结论的标准,直接决定着刑法解释的总方向。学界在解释目标的确立上历来存在主观说、客观说和折衷说的论争。不同的学说有着殊异的缘起背景与理论根基。基于立法原意的模糊性和不可探明性,客观说与罪刑法定原则的相符性,加之刑法文字含义的开放性和变动性,在我国现有的国情和解释体制下,客观说应是合理的刑法解释目标。

The aim of criminal law interpretation is the law content that should be attained and clarified by interpreting the penal code norm. It＇s not only the ideal situation of interpretation, but also the standard that adjudicates the conclusion, which directly decides the general direction of criminal law interpretation. There are mainly three arguments regarding to the aim of the criminal law interpretation in the criminal academic circles： the theory of subjectiveness, the theory of objectiveness and that of eclecticism. Different theories have different original backgrounds and theoretical groundwork. Based on the faintness of the original intention of lawmaking, the agreement of the ＂Nullum crimen sine lege, nulla poena sine lege＂, the theory of objectiveness and the fluctuation of the connotation of words in penal code,the theory of objectiveness should be a reasonable aim of criminal law interpretation under the current situations and explaining systems in our country.