中国语文的时代演进

The Change and Development of Chinese Language and Characters

中国的现代化要赶上工业化和信息化两个时代,语言和文字必须有相应的发展,使中文进入信息互联网络,此之谓中国语文的现代化。从历史的角度看,社会的演化和语文的演化是密切关联的。秦并六国,统一天下,实行“书同文”政策,这是古代的社会演变引起的语文的演变。鸦片战争后,近代社会的巨大动荡引起了语文的演变。辛亥革命以后,一个语文现代化运动,从酝酿进入实践。这个运动在不同的阶段有不同的重点和名称:切音字运动、国语运动、白话文运动、注音字母运动、国语罗马字运动、拉丁化新文字运动、手头字运动、少数民族新语文运动等。语言现代化在前进过程中,有成功、有失败,有高潮、有低潮,有新旧争论,有左右摇摆,在“尝试与错误”中提高认识和开拓局面。综观一系列运动的要求,可以归纳为四个方面:一、语言的共同化;二、文体的口语化;三、文字的简便化;四、注音的字母化。二次大战以后,即使是发达国家,在组成新的共同体的时候,也发生语文问题。一门研究语文宏观问题的新兴学科由是产生,叫做“语言计划”。“文字改革”包括语言,“语言计划”包括文字。这是一个世界性的文化运动。中国应当参考世界各国的经验,根据中国自己的具体情况,实行有利于国家现代化的语文政策。

If Chinese modernization wants to reach the times of industrialization and information, its language and characters must have appropriate development to make Chinese enter into the information internet, this is called the modernization of Chinese language and characters. Viewing from the history, the social changes have close connection with the changes of language and characters. State Chin combines the six States and adopts the policy of ＂writing the same characters＂. This is example that the social change leads to the change of language and characters in the ancient times. After the Opium War, the great disturbance causes the change and development of Chinese language in the modern society. After the Revolution of 1911, the movement of Chinese language modernization comes from brewing into practice, and there are different states in the movement. During the progressive process of the movement, there are success and failure, climax and low tide, dispute over something new and old and wavering from left and right. The movement can be divided into four aspects ： 1. the unification of language 2. spoken style 3. simplified characters 4. phonetic alphabet. After the World War Two, the developed countries, when they associate themselves into com- monwealth, also have the problem of language. A new kind of subject which deals with the languages macro problem comes into being, called the ＂language project＂. The reform of a writing system includes language, and the ＂language project＂ includes characters. This is the worldwide cultural movement. China should practice the language policies helpful to the countryS moderni- zation, according to Chinas concrete situation in learning the experiences from other countries.