试析虚拟性让步句的规约隐涵和预设

An Analysis of Conventional Implication and Presupposition of Subjunctive Concessive Sentences

虚拟性让步句“即使p,也q”,有假言虚让句和实言虚让句之分,实言虚让句有显性实言虚让句和隐性实言虚让句之别。假言虚让句的规约隐涵是“若非p,则更q”;预设是(1)“实际上不是(会)p”或“实际上很可能非p”或“实际上不可能p,”(2)“若p,则一般非q”。显性实言虚让句的规约隐涵是“若非P,则更q”;预设是(1)“实际上一般不会(是)p”或“实际上与p存在量的差别,”(2)“若p,则一般非q”。隐性实言虚让句的规约隐涵是“要是p,则仅仅q”;预设是(1)“p为真,”(2)“若p,则可以非q。”研究虚拟性让步句的隐涵和预设应重视相关概念的界定。

Subjunctive concessive sentences mean ＂although‘p’. also ‘q＇, which can be classified into hypothetical subjunctive concessive sentences and true subjunctive concessive sentences. A true subjunctive concessive sentence can be divided into dominant or recessive one. The conventional implication of a hypothetical subjunctive concessive sentence means ＂if not ‘p’. then more ‘q＇, and its presupposition means： （1） ＂actually not （or impossible）‘p＇ or ＂actually hot ‘p＇in all probability＂ or ＂actually ‘p＇ in no probability; （2） ＂if ‘p’. then hot qin general＂. The conventional implication of dominant true subjunctive concessive sentences means ＂if not‘p’. then more likely ‘q＇ ; its presupposition means： （1） ＂actually not （or impossible） ‘p＇or ＂actually existing the quantitative difference with ‘p＇ ; （2） ＂if ‘p’ then generally ＇not ‘q’. The conventional Implication of a recessive true subjunctive concessive sentence means ＂if ‘p’. then ＇only q＂ ; its presupposition means： （ 1 ） ＂ pis ture＂ ; （2） ＂if ‘p’. then possibly hot ‘q＇. More attention should be paid to the definitions of some relevant concepts when implication and presupposition of subjunctive concessive sentences are analyzed.