低温半干旱区不同覆盖物对地温和水分时空分布的影响

Effect of Different Mulch Materials in Low Temperature and semi Arid Region on the Space-temporal Distribution of Ground Temperature and Moisture

建立了不同覆盖物下春小麦生长期间土壤的地温、水分时空分布图。研究表明:保水、集水、增温、降水生产率效果排序:双重覆盖(秸秆+地膜)>地膜>秸秆>裸地。干旱年降水生产率分别较裸地提高83%、70.5%、37.7%。降水生产率较丰年分别提高53.39%、1.2%、12.8%,双重覆盖仍多蓄水31mm,半干旱区春小麦生长主要依赖土壤贮蓄水,双重覆盖和地膜覆盖使180 cm土层内水以汽态水凝聚在耕层,达到秋水春用。秸杆覆盖早春不但降低耕层地温,而且截留残留降水和部分有效降水不能入土而蒸发,降低土壤贮水量。应在秋季施碎秸秆后翻耕,接纳雨水,春播前膜侧种植,可起双重覆盖蓄水、保水、增产作用。覆膜对膜外横向30 cm处10 cm土层在全生育期都有增温作用。

In this paper, the effect of different mulch materials in low temperature and semi arid region on the space - temporal distribution of ground temperature and moisture was conducted during the growth of spring - wheat. The result showed that the effect order on water - holding, water - collecting, temperature - increasing and precipitation ＇s respective productivity was： double mulch （ straw and film） 〉 film 〉 straw 〉 bare land. In drought years, productivity of precipitation increased by 83, 70.5 and 37.3% respectively than bare land, and increased by 53.39, 1.2 and, 12.8% respectively in productive year. The double mulch could still cumulate additional 31 millimeters water. In the middle arid region, the growth of spring - wheat depends mainly on the water cumulated in soil because the double mulch and film mulch accumulated 180 centimeters water in gaseity in tilth layer and then the water can be used in spring.