对保险中“弃权”与“失权”的分析——兼论国际贸易中海上保险的“弃权”与“失权”

Study on Waiver and Estoppel in Insurance——Reflect on Waiver and Estoppel in Marine Insurance in International Trade

“弃权”与“失权”是保险中最基本的法律范畴,而我国现行的《保险法》、《海商法》对其规定很少,在理论上,没有按诚实信用原则建立起完备的保险合同中保险人的“弃权”与“失权”制度;在实务中,尤其是在海上保险和人寿保险中,在履行保险合同的各个环节上却经常出现形形色色的“弃权”与“失权”的情形,迫切需要理论或者法律的支持。本文通过研究“弃权”与“失权”在英美和其他保险业发达国家的运用,反思我国《保险法》、《海商法》的现状,以期为其完善提出一些可行性建议。

The legal doctrines of waiver and estoppel are essential in life and health insurance. However, the existing ＂Insurance Law＂ and ＂Maritime Law＂ in our country have prescribed little rules on ＂waive and estoppel＂ . In theory, insurance contract has not established a comprehensive system on ＂waive and estoppel＂ according to the principle of good faith. In practice, all kinds of ＂waive and estoppel＂ come forth in the implementation of all aspects of the insurance contract. And it is in great need of support of theory and legal. This paper is about study on waiver and estoppel in policy which have been recognized and commonly used in US and some other developed countries, then reflect on the current situation of ＂Insurance Law＂ and ＂Maritime Law＂ in our country in order to make some feasible suggestion for our own Insurance Law and Maritime Law in international trade.