珠三角地区第二类精神药品滥用在吸毒者中的流行病学调查

The Epidemiological Survey on Second Kind Psychotropic Drugs Used and Abused by Drug Addicts in the Pearl River Delta

目的:调查目前珠江三角洲地区药物滥用者中使用和滥用第二类精神药品情况。方法:采用国家药物滥用监测中心编制《药物滥用监测调查表》和自拟《第二类精神药品使用情况调查表》,对2005年8月至10月珠江三角洲地区的深圳、东莞、广州、佛山和珠海等地戒毒所收治药物滥用者进行整群抽样调查。结果:药物滥用者应用第二类精神药品行为发生率为12.55%,药品谱为地西泮(8.18%)、丁丙诺啡含片(2.60%)、艾司唑仑(2.00%)、巴比妥(0.10%)、硝西泮(0.09%),以及阿普唑仑、氯硝西泮、氟硝西泮、咪达唑仑、戊巴比妥等。平均应用年限为2.53±2.51年。使用和滥用日均次数分别为2.13±1.31次/日和2.50±1.52次/日,差异具有显著性。使用和滥用第二类精神药品的月均花费分别为84.92±80.11元/月和86.43±87.31元/月,差异无显著性。因应用第二类精神药品造成急性中毒发生率为0.51%。私人诊所和零售药店是发生流弊的主要渠道。结论:珠江三角洲地区存在第二类精神药品流弊和滥用问题。加强对私人诊所、零售药店的监督管理,是预防本地区第二类精神药品流弊,控制其滥用的重要措施之一。同时,戒毒机构应加强药物滥用者脱毒后合理使用第二类精神药品的指导。

Objective ： To understand the situation of second kind psychotropic drugs （SKPDs） used and abused by drug addicts in the pearl river delta. Methods： With cluster-sampling investigation, surveys were carried out on 5737 drug addicts with a self-designed questionnaire at five high prevalence areas in the pearl river delta. Of 5737 drug addicts, 720 cases （accounting for 12.55%） had ever applied SKPDs. The types of SKPDs had been applied were as follows： diazepam 469 cases （8.18%）, buprenorphine hydrochloride sublingual tablet 149 cases （2.60%）, estazolam 115 cases （2.00%）, barbital 6 cases （0.10%）,etc. The mean duration of SKPDs applied was 2.53a±s2.51 a. The frequency of SKPDs used and abused daily were 2.13times± 1.31/daily,2.50times± 1.52/daily resp.cctively. Which showed significant difference. The frequency of acute poisoning caused by SKPDs application was 0.5 1%.The main sources of SKPDs were private clinic and private drug store. Conclusion： It is necessary to strength on the SKPDs administration.