一沟双行小麦施肥播种单体的设计与试验

Design and experimental study on a combined fertilizing and seeding opener for wheat of two rows in one furrow

针对一年两熟灌溉区玉米覆盖地免耕播种小麦时播种机堵塞问题,设计研制了一沟双行小麦施肥播种单体,该单体1次作业可同时完成施1行肥和播2行小麦,进行小麦宽窄行机械化种植。田间试验以窄行距离分别为8 cm和10 cm的施肥播种单体与普通尖角开沟器进行性能对比。结果表明:同一平均行距宽窄行种植的播种机通过性较均行距种植普通尖角开沟器播种机的好;窄行距离为10 cm的单体播深变异系数和行距变异系数最小,分别为7.3%和5.6%;窄行距离为8 cm的单体牵引阻力和肥深变异系数最小,分别为459.2 N和3.5%;确定优化的小麦宽窄行平均种植行距为20 cm,作业质量满足农艺要求,解决了高覆盖量工作条件下播种机的堵塞问题。

An opener that can plant two rows of wheat and one row of fertilizer in one operation was developed to solve residue blockage problems of no-tillage planter in the area of two crops a year. At the same time this planter realizes planting wheat in different row width by machine. The experimental comparison of an ordinary narrow-point opener with the combined fertilizing-seeding opener operated at two seeding tube spaces of 8 cm and 10 cm, respectively, was made. Results showed that the wheat-planter with the combined fertilizing-seeding opener was better than the ordinary narrow-point one in passing ability on the same average row width; the variance coefficients of planting depth and row width were 7.3% and 5.6%, respectively, from the combined fertilizing-seeding opener with 10 cm seeding tube space that was the lowest one in three openers; the opener with 8 cm seeding tube space has the minimum variance coefficients of draught resistance and fertilizing depth, 459.2 N and 3.5 %, respectively. The experiments indicate that the optimized average row width is 20 cm in wide-narrow row planting. A no-tillage planter with the combined fertilizing- seeding opener could meet the requirements of agricultural technology and solve the residue blockage problems effectively.