卡介苗预防支气管哮喘的研究进展

Progress on research of preventing bronchus asthma by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine

支气管哮喘（哮喘）是一种免疫性疾病，目前还缺乏有效的预防手段，在人类应用卡介苗（BCG）预防结核病的80多年中，有证据表明BCG能预防哮喘，认为BCG作为一种免疫刺激剂，可以诱导Th1型免疫反应，抑制Th2型免疫应答，调控Th1／Th2型细胞之间的平衡，从而抑制气道高反应性、减轻气道炎症。但是最近很多研究表明，BCG与哮喘防治无明显关系，不能从根本上减轻哮喘的症状，对哮喘无防治作用。现就近年来国内外应用BCG预防哮喘的两种不同观点以及造成两者偏差的可能原因做一综述。

The bronchial asthma is a kind of immune disease, which still lacks effective preventive means so far. In more than 80 years of the application of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin （BCG） in mankind to prevent the tuberculosis,it has proved that BCG can prevent asthma. As a kind of immunologic stimulant, BCG induces Thl-type immunity reaction, inhibits Th2-type immunity response, regulates the balance of Thl/Th2 cell to repress airway hyperactivity and less airway inflammation. However, recently a lot of researches indicate that BCG has no obvious relationship to the prevention and therapy of asthma. BCG can not lessen the symptom of asthma and have no preventive and therapeutic effect to asthma. The following is to summarize the previous different points in home and abroad using BCG to prevent asthma and to analyze the possible reason.