沙滩水体中溶解性石油烃的降解及吸附研究

Degradation and Adsorption of Dissolved Petroleum in the Water Body of Sandy Beach

以海水体系和海水-砂体系作为对比,研究了沙滩水体中溶解性石油烃的降解及吸附作用。实验结果表明,1d内海水中石油浓度的降低主要是由于砂的快速吸附作用,3d以后生物对石油烃的降解作用逐渐占据优势。两种体系中降烃菌数量及石油浓度的变化曲线表明,砂对油的快速吸附显著降低了海水中石油污染物的浓度,使得海水含砂体系中石油降解菌的数量远高于海水体系。海水中石油污染物的降解符合一级动力学模式,当含砂体系中砂的粒径不同时,石油污染物降解的半衰期可由海水体系的31.9d缩短到22.4d和19.5d。系统中砂的存在有利于海水中石油污染物的去除,有约20%的石油污染物被吸附到砂上,然而这种去除是物理去除。

Degradation and adsorption of dissolved petroleum were studied taking seawater and seawater-sands as two contrasting systems. The concentration of total petroleum in seawater decreased quickly within 1 day due to the adsorption by sands, and after 3 days the biodegradation process occupied a dominant position. The amount of petroleum degrading bacteria and the oil concentration in two systems showed the rapid adsorption of oil by sands reduced oil concentration in seawater significantly, and the amount of oil degrading bacteria in the seawater-sands system was higher than that in the seawater system. The degradation of oil pollutants fit the first-order kinetic equation, and when two sizes of sands were added in the seawater, the half-time of oil pollutants reduced from 31.9 days in seawater system to 22.4 days and 19.5 days in the seawater-sands system respectively. The existence of sands in the system is advantageous to the removal of oil pollutants from seawater, but about 20% of the oil pollutants were transferred to the sands.