亚里士多德之“优良政体”观

Aristotle's Outlook on Good Regime

亚里士多德所指的政体与宪法是同义的,认为优良的政体应具有三个方面的基本特征:以公共利益为依归,符合并促进全邦人民的共同幸福;以法治为基础,用法律规范、制约政治权力,确立法的至高权威;是一种“混合”政体,集中了“君主制”、“贵族制”、“民主制”的优点,并使各种政治力量在国家政权中保持恰当的均衡。

The regime that Aristotle referred to has the same meaning as the constitution. It stipulates the fundamental things such as the distribution of supreme political power of the city state and citizens political status. In Aristotle＇s opinion; a good regime should have the following three basic characteristics. Firstly, aiming at the public interests,it is in accordance with and promotes all the people＇s joint happiness of the whole city-state. Secondly, based on the rule of law, it normalizes and restricts the political power with law and establishes the supreme authority of the law. Thirdly,it is a mixed regime, having the merits of monarchy,aristocracy and democracym. It also helps all kinds of political strength to keep balance in the state power.